有志の人がMSP430用のツール群をRPMに固めてくれてるみたい。これでmakeとかしなくていいからだいぶ楽。
nielsenb/msp430-development-tools Copr
↑からrepoファイルをダウンロードして/etc/yum.repos.d/に配置。

で、The Destitute Developer: MSP430 and Fedora 21 - The same but differentにあるように、必要なファイル群をインストール。

# dnf install msp430-elf-gcc msp430-elf-binutils msp430-elf-gdb mspds msp430flasher msp430-gcc-support-files dos2unix

ここではMSP430 Flasherというソフトを使ってMSP430に書き込みを行うように指示されているけれど、できないっぽいので、書き込み・デバッグにはmspdebugを使う。
追加で以下をインストール。
誰が作ったのかは不明。。。

# dnf install mspdebug

で、次みたいなMakefileを書く。上の説明にあるMakefileをいじっただけ。
2017/2/19修正：
MSPFLASHER = MSP430Flasher
→ MSPFLASHER = mspdebug
$(MSPFLASHER) -n $(MCU) -w "$(TARGET).txt" -v -z [VCC]
→ $(MSPFLASHER) -d $(MCU) -v -z [VCC]
あと適宜Tabを追加

#
# Makefile for msp430
#
# 'make' builds everything
# 'make clean' deletes everything except source files and Makefile
# 'make install' builds everything, and programs the MSP430 using MSPFLASHER
# You need to set TARGET, MCU and SOURCES for your project.
# TARGET is the name of the executable file to be produced
# $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex and $(TARGET).txt nad $(TARGET).map are all generated.
# The TXT file is used for BSL loading, the ELF can be used for JTAG use
#
TARGET     = project0
MCU        = msp430g2553
# MSP430Flasher name
MSPFLASHER = mspdebug
# List all the source files here
# eg if you have a source file foo.c then list it here
SOURCES = main.c
# Include are located in the Include directory
INCLUDES = -IInclude
# Add or subtract whatever MSPGCC flags you want. There are plenty more
#######################################################################################
CFLAGS   = -mmcu=$(MCU) -g -Os -Wall -Wunused $(INCLUDES)
ASFLAGS  = -mmcu=$(MCU) -x assembler-with-cpp -Wa,-gstabs
LDFLAGS  = -mmcu=$(MCU) -Wl,-Map=$(TARGET).map
########################################################################################
CC       = msp430-elf-gcc
LD       = msp430-elf-ld
AR       = msp430-elf-ar
AS       = msp430-elf-gcc
NM       = msp430-elf-nm
OBJCOPY  = msp430-elf-objcopy
RANLIB   = msp430-elf-ranlib
STRIP    = msp430-elf-strip
SIZE     = msp430-elf-size
READELF  = msp430-elf-readelf
MAKETXT  = srec_cat
CP       = cp -p
RM       = rm -f
MV       = mv
########################################################################################
# the file which will include dependencies
DEPEND = $(SOURCES:.c=.d)
# all the object files
OBJECTS = $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
all: $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).txt
$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS)
	echo "Linking $@"
	$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(LDFLAGS) $(LIBS) -o $@
	echo
	echo ">>>> Size of Firmware <<<<"
	$(SIZE) $(TARGET).elf
	echo
%.hex: %.elf
	$(OBJCOPY) -O ihex $< $@
%.txt: %.hex
	$(MAKETXT) -O $@ -TITXT $< -I
	unix2dos $(TARGET).txt
#  The above line is required for the DOS based TI BSL tool to be able to read the txt file generated from linux/unix systems.
%.o: %.c
	echo "Compiling $<"
	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<
# rule for making assembler source listing, to see the code
%.lst: %.c
	$(CC) -c $(ASFLAGS) -Wa,-anlhd $< > $@
# include the dependencies unless we're going to clean, then forget about them.
ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS), clean)
-include $(DEPEND)
endif
# dependencies file
# includes also considered, since some of these are our own
# (otherwise use -MM instead of -M)
%.d: %.c
	echo "Generating dependencies $@ from $<"
	$(CC) -M ${CFLAGS} $< >$@
.SILENT:
.PHONY: clean
clean:
	-$(RM) $(OBJECTS)
	-$(RM) $(TARGET).*
	-$(RM) $(SOURCES:.c=.lst)
	-$(RM) $(DEPEND)
install: $(TARGET).txt
	$(MSPFLASHER) -d $(MCU) -v -z [VCC]

で、つないで、make→make installで書き込み。

2017/2/19修正： makeしたあとに

# mspdebug rf2500
(mspdebug) load project0.elf
(mspdebug) run

で実行。

あ、ソースファイルはいじれば何でもいけるけど、上のMakefileだとmain.cになってる。
make installはrootじゃないとだめかも。 とりあえず、遊ぶ分には十分に環境が整ったっぽい。というか、これ上手くeclipseに実装できたらIDE使えるんじゃないか？(やるとは言ってない)